# Land Ethic (Aldo Leopold)
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## Summary
The **land ethic** is the idea that humans are members of a broader ecological community and therefore have moral obligations to soils, waters, plants, and animals—not just to other people.
## Definition
Formulated by **[Aldo Leopold](chatgpt://generic-entity?number=0)**, the land ethic proposes an expansion of ethics beyond human-to-human relations to include the entire biotic community. An action is considered *right* when it preserves the **integrity, stability, and beauty** of the ecological whole, and *wrong* when it undermines it.
Rather than treating land as property or a resource, the land ethic reframes it as a **community to which we belong**, shifting humans from conquerors of nature to plain members and citizens of it.
## Properties
- **Ethical expansion**: Extends moral concern from individuals to systems.
- **Relational ontology**: Defines humans by ecological relationships, not dominance.
- **Normative test**: Uses ecological health as a moral criterion for action.
- **Cultural critique**: Challenges economic and industrial views of land-as-commodity.
### How it shows up in the wild
- Conservation and rewilding movements
- Environmental ethics and deep ecology
- Sustainability frameworks that emphasize systems health over short-term gain
- Indigenous-aligned stewardship practices (though Leopold writes from a Western tradition)
### Wayfinding
%% DATAVIEW_PUBLISHER: start
```dataview
TABLE WITHOUT ID
questions AS "Responds to",
origins AS "Informed by",
ideas AS "Developed alongside",
concepts AS "Builds on"
WHERE file.name = this.file.name
```
%%
| Responds to | Informed by | Developed alongside | Builds on |
| ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| \- | <ul><li>“[[A Sand County Almanac (1949)]]”</li></ul> | <ul><li>Environmental stewardship</li><li>Ecological citizenship</li></ul> | <ul><li>Ecological systems</li><li>Moral expansion</li></ul> |
%% DATAVIEW_PUBLISHER: end %%
[!info]- Changelog
- <% tp.date.now(“YYYY-MM-DD”) %>: Initial concept capture